Class-8_Sunrise

 

Class 8

 

Computer Guide

 

Reference Book (Sunrise Publication)

 

Chapter 1 :  Fundamental Concept of Computer  
Chapter 2 :  History of Computer
Chapter 3 :  Generations of Computer
Chapter 4 : Types of Computer
Chapter 5 : Computer Hardware and Software
Chapter 6 : Operating System Software
Chapter 7 : Advance Feature of Word processor
Chapter 8 : Advance Feature of Spreadsheet
Chapter 9 : Advance Feature of Presentation
Chapter 10 : ICT and Cyber Crime
Chapter 11 : Cyber Law and Computer Ethics
Chapter 12 : Computer Virus, Remedy and Protection
Chapter 13 : Web page designing with HTML

 

 

 

Fundamental Concept of Computer 

 

Q.4. Write Full forms of the following.

IPM > 

CPU > 

MIPS >>

GIGO >>

ATM >>

RAM >>

CD-ROM >>

Q.5. Write a very short answer to the following questions.
a) From which word of Latin language, the word computer is derived?
Ans: The word computer is derived from the Latin word "Computare".
b) What is obtained after processing data?
Ans: We obtain Information as output after processing data.
c) Computer is electronic or electrical device?
Ans: Computer is electronic device.
d) How is speed of computer measured?
Ans: The speed of computer is measured in fraction of second.
e) What is the basic unit of measuring storage capacity of computer?
Ans: The  basic unit of measuring  storage capacity of computer is bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes etc.
f) How many bytes make one kilobyte?
Ans: 1024 bytes make one kilobyte.

Q.6. Write short answer of the following questions.
a) What is computer? How is it used in banking and shopping?
Ans: Computer is an electronic machine which accepts raw data from the user, processes the data according to the predefined set of instructions, gives and stores the result as information.
Computer in Banking

Computers are used in bank for electronic money transfer, voucher, ledger, bank sheet, etc. different systems are used in bank as ATM (Automatic Teller Machine), EFTS (Electronic Fund Transfer System) etc which is computer based systems for customer services provided by banks.

Computer in Shopping

Computers are used in shopping to keep record of goods, product,  to keep record of employee as well as and customer data  and also they use computer for accounting and billing purpose.

b) Why is data processing done in computer?
Ans: Data processing done in computer because it helps to obtain meaningful information very fast and error free result.
c) List any four characteristics of computer.
Ans: Four characteristics of computer are as follows:
         i) speed        ii) Accuracy             iii) Versatility              iv) Diligence
d) Why computer is called a versatile machine?
Ans: A computer can be used in wide range of application in different fields such as education, entertainment, communication, agriculture, business etc. and can perform different kinds of tasks one by one simultaneously so computer is called versatile machine.
e) What is meant by liveware?
Ans: The person, user, or operator associated in computer field is known as liveware. They can be the programmers, hardware technicians or other personnel working in a computer system.

Q.7. Write long answer of the following questions.
a) Explain the working principle of computer with suitable diagram.
Ans: The working principle of computer is given below:
i. Computer takes data and instructions as an input from the user
ii. Computer process the input data according to the given set of instructions.
iii) Computer gives the output as result after processing.
iv) Computer can store the processed information permanently o the storage devices
Figure:

b) Discuss any five characteristics of computer.
Ans: Five characteristics of computer are described below:
i) Speed : Computer are capable of performing complex types of calculation at a very high speed. Computer can execute millions of instructions per second.
ii) Accuracy : The result obtained from the computer is accurate and error free. If the given input is correct then it produce 100% correct result.
iii) Versatility : A computer can be used in wide range of application in different fields such as education, entertainment, communication, agriculture, business etc. and can perform different kinds of tasks one by one simultaneously so computer is called versatile machine.
iv) Diligence : Computer is diligent machine because it can perform complicated and repetitive task very well without losing its speed, accuracy and efficiency.
v) Storage : Computer can store huge amount data, instructions and software in a small piece of hardware device. 

 

History of Computer

 

History of Computer Development

Q.6. Write very short answer of the following questions.
a) Who is considered as the father of computer science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is considered as the father of computer science.
b) When was abacus developed?
Ans: Abacus was developed 2500 to 3000 years ago.
c) Who was John Napier?
Ans: John Napier was Scottish mathematician who developed Napier's Bone in 1617 AD.
d) Is Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is known as first programmer?
Ans: Yes Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is known as first programmer.
e) Which was the first computer brought in Nepal?
Ans: IBM 1401 was the first computer brought in Nepal.
f) How much time did ICL 2950/10 took to complete the census of 2038 B.S. in Nepal?
Ans: ICL 2950/10 complete the census of 2038 B.S. in Nepal quite faster then IBM 1401 which was used for the census of 2028 B.S. and took 1 year 7 months.
g) Which university did Howard Aiken belong to?
Ans: Howard Aiken belong to Harvard University.
h) How many vacuum tubes were consisted in ENIAC?
Ans: 18000 vacuum tubes were consisted in ENIAC.

Q.7. Write short answer of the following questions.
a) How did early people calculate?
Ans: Early people used different means to count in informal way such as using pebbles, drawing lines, scratching on walls etc.
b) Why is Charles Babbage known as father of computer science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is known as the father of computer science because he had led to the foundation of modern computer in his analytical engine including the concept of input, process, output and storage.
c) Write the features of Mark-I.
Ans: Features of Mark-I:
i) It used 18000 vacuum tubes.
ii) It consisted seven lakh and fifty thousand parts.
iii) It was 51 feet long, 8 feet height and 3 feet wide.
iv) It consumed huge amount of electricity.
d) Draw a the figure of Abacus showing its parts.

e) Write the contribution of Blaise Pascal in the development of modern calculating device.
Ans: Blaise Pascal invented first mechanical calculator which could do addition and subtraction directly and could do multiplication and division by repeating addition and subtraction respectively. The basic principle of his calculator is still used in water meters and modern day odometers.
f. Mention the major parts with their functions of analytical engine.
Ans: Analytical engine was fully programmable calculating device which was able to perform calculations on the basic of input, process and output.
The analytical engine had the following major parts with different functions.

Parts	Purpose
a. Punched cards	To input data and instructions.
b. Mill	To perform basic mathematical computations.
c. Mechanical memory unit	To store data and instructions.
d. Gears and shafts:	To control and transfer data between mill and storage section.
e. Suitable output device	To output information

 

Q.8. Write long answer of the following questions.
a) Explain the history of computing devices of mechanical era.

Ans: This was the era in which mechanical devices were used for computing manually. The devices developed in this era became basis for the invention of electromechanical device. All the machine were based on moving parts, operated completely by machines and they did not have any logical control in operation. Example: Abacus, Napier's Bone, Slide Rule etc.

b) Compare and discuss between electromechanical and electronic era of computer.
Ans: In Electromechanical era all the parts of computers were electronic and mechanical based and the computational device were partly programmable. Some example are : MARK-I, ABC etc.  But in electronic era all the mechanical device were replaced by fully electronic circuits sot that calculations were based on digital mechanism. Eg. ENIAC, EDSAC etc.
c) Describe the history of computer in Nepal in your own words.
Ans: There is no any remarkable contribution of Nepal for the development of computer. Nepal has lately entered in the computer age. The first computer IBM 1401 was brought in Nepal for the census of 2028 B.S. In 2031 B.S. His majesty's government established a separate branch named Data Processing Center for the electronic data processing purpose. In 2037 B.S. NCC (National Computer Center) started to provide necessary training and technical support. ICL2950/10 was bought to process the census of 2038.
 Government has formed High Level Commission for Information Technology and also formulated IT (Information Technology) in 2057. Cyber law was released in 2061 and reviewed in 2063 B.S. Now The private level organizations and government are playing important role for the development of ICT in Nepal.

 

Generations of Computer

 

Q.5. Write very short answer of the following questions.
a) What was the duration of first generation computer?
Ans: The duration of first generation computer is 1945 to 1955.
b) Who invented vacuum tube?
Ans: Vacuum tube was invented by Lee Dee Forest in 1908.
c) What was the operating speed of second generation computer?
Ans: The operating speed of second generation computer was up to microsecond.
d) Which language was used in third generation computers?
Ans: High Level Language was used in third generation computer.
e) Who invented Intel 4004 (the first microprocessor)?
Ans: Intel 4004 was invented by an engineer Marcian Ted Hoff in 1971.
f) Which generation computers supported GUI operating system?
Ans: Fourth generation computers supported GUI operating system.
g) Write one example of fifth generation computer?
Ans: Robot is an example of fifth generation computer.

Q.6. Write short answer of the following questions.
a) How are computer generations classified?
Ans: Computer generations are classified on the basis of main component, their size, processing speed, system architecture etc.
b) List any two advantages of second generation computers over first generation Computers.
Ans: Two advantages of second generation computers are as follows:
i) Their operating speed was up to microsecond.
ii) It is smaller, faster and has high storage capacity then first generation computer.
c) Differentiate between third and fourth generation computers.
Ans: Different between third and fourth generation computers are as follows:

Third Generation Computer	Fourth Generation Computer
i. They used integrated circuits as main component	They used microprocessor as main component
ii. Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds	Their operating speed was up to picoseconds.

d) Write any four limitations of first generation computers.
Ans: The major limitations of first generation computers are as follows (any four)
1. The operating speed was very low. 
2. Power consumption was very high. 
3. They required large space for installation. 
4. The Programming capability was quite low. 
5. Quit larger, they generate lot of heat require special housing. 
6. The Medium internal store.
e) What are the new expectation in the fifth generation computers?
Ans: Fifth generation computers are in developmental stage which is based on the artificial intelligence. The goal of the fifth generation is to develop the device which could respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. They will implement knowledge based problem solving technique and much faster than present computers. So we can say that the fifth generation computers will have the power of human intelligence.

f. Define the term artificial intelligence.
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch  of computer science which deals with listening, reasoning, analyzing, processing and understanding natural languages as human being.
Q.7. Write long answer of the following questions.
a) What is computer generation? Discuss different generations of computer with the technologies.

b) "The actual use and implementation of computer started after third generations" Justify this statement in your own words.


Out Question >>>
1. Different between Second Generation Computer and Third Generation Computer

Third Generation Computer	Second Generation Computer
i. They used integrated circuits as main component	They used transistor as main component
ii. Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds	Their operating speed was up to microsecond.

 

 

Types of Computer

 

Types of Computer 

Write very short answer of the following question questions:
a) Is analog computer based on binary digits?
Ans: No analog computer is not based on binary digits.
b) What does the word "digital" means?
Ans: Digital mean discrete on/off or discontinuous form of data.
c) Can we use super computer at our homes?
Ans: No, Super computer is not designed for personal use.
d) Give one example of handheld computer.
Ans: Personal Digital Assistance (PAD) is the example of handheld computer.
e) Which types of computers are in briefcase style?
Ans: Laptop computer are in briefcase style.
Write short answer of the following questions.
a) Distinguish between analog and digital computers.
Ans: Distinguish between analog computer and digital computer

Analog Computer	Digital Computer
1. Analog computer process continuous data.	1. Digital computer process discontinuous data.
2. They can only perform single task.	2. They can perform multiple task
3. They are used for special purpose.	3. Digital computer are used for general purpose.
4. E.g. Speedometer, Seismograph	4. E.g. IBM Pc, Notebook
5. Symbol :	5. Symbol:

b) List the types of digital computers.
Ans: Types of digital computers are:
i) Micro Computer                        ii) Mini Computer
iii) Mainframe Computer             iv) Super Computer
c) Write the application of super computers.
Ans: Super computers play an important role in the field of weather forecasting, automobile designing, flight management, ICU, ECG etc.
d) Discuss one simple example of hybrid computer.
Ans: A hybrid computer process both continuous and discontinuous data it means it can perform the task done by analog as well as digital computer. The computer that are used in jet plane are the example of hybrid computer.
e) What are laptop computers.
Ans: Laptop computer are small sized micro computer which are portable, handy and can be operate on a special rechargeable battery so that can be carried and operate anywhere.
f) Why are palmtop computers more popular these days?
Ans: Palmtop computers are small sized latest micro computers which can be easily hold on palm of one hand and operated by other hand so it is more popular these days.
Write long answer of the following questions:
a) Classify the types of digital computers with short description
b) How are micro computers classified into different types? Discuss briefly.
c) Differentiate between general purpose computer and special purpose computers with suitable examples.

 

Computer Hardware and Software

 

Computer Hardware and Software

Write very short answers to the following questions:

a. Is register an input device?

Ans: No register is not input device.

b. Which memory is volatile RAM or ROM?

Ans: RAM is a volatile memory.

c. Which is a portable storage device these days?

Ans: Pendrive is a portable storage device these days.

d. Do you think that the computer is useless without an operating system?

Ans: Yes computer is useless without an operating system because without an operating system we cannot operate our computer.

e. Write one example of an assembler.

Ans: Pseudo Assembly is an example of an assembler.

f. Which type of software is designed to meet the specific requirements of an individual or organization?

Ans: Application software is designed to meet the specific requirements of an individual or organization.

g. Where is open source software available for users?

Ans: An open-source software is available on the internet and can be easily downloaded it.

Write short answers to the following questions:

a. Define computer hardware with some examples.

Ans: The physical or tangible parts which make the computer system is known as computer hardware. example: Keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit, RAM, etc.

b. Differentiate between soft copy output and hard copy output. 

Softcopy output>>

1. The output produced on the display screen and audio sound is known as softcopy output.

2. This kind of output is not touchable.

3. This kind of output is temporary.

Hardcopy output>>

1. The output printed on the paper is called hardcopy output.

2. This kind of output is touchable.

3. This kind of output is permanent.

c. What is CPU? Write its major parts.

Ans: CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main processing device in the computer which performs all operations of data according to the program's instructions and gives results. It is also known as the electronic brain of the computer. Its major parts are: Control unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, and Registers.

d. What is primary memory? Lists its major types.

Ans:  

 

Operating System Software

 

Operating System Software

7. Write very short answer of the following questions.

a. Is UNIX a single user operating system?
Ans: No, UNIX is a multi user operating system.

b. How can you perform warm booting?
Ans: Warm booting can perform by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Delete key at once or using re-set button when the computer is already at on stage.

c. Which file of MS Dos contains all internal commands?
Ans: COMMAND.COM contain all internal commands of MS Dos.

d. Which wildcard symbol indicates single character?
Ans: Wildcard symbol which  indicates single character is "?".

e. Write one example of GUI operating system besides Windows.
Ans: Apple's Mac OS is an example of GUI operating system beside Windows.

f. Which command is used to modify DOS text file.
Ans: EDIT command is used to modify DOS text file.

g. When was Windows 8 release for general?
Ans: Windows 8 was release in October 2012 for general.  

8. Write short answer of the following questions

a. What is an Operating System? Write any two examples.
Ans: An operating system is the most important types of system software which is used to manage, controls and co-ordinate the overall operations of the computer system. It also control and manage hardware and application program too. eg: Ms-Windows, LINUX,

b. What are the basic functions of an operating system? List any four of them
Ans: The basic functions of an operating system are as follows:
i) Input/Output Management
ii) File and folder management
iii) Memory management
iv) Control and co-ordinate hardware devices
v) Run application programs.

C. What is single user operating system? Write two examples.
Ans: Single user operating provide a single computer system, which facilitates the running of a variety of software packages as well as allowing users to develop and executes programs of their own. eg. Ms-Windows, DOS, Mac OS etc.

D. What is MS Dos write its two features.
Ans: MS DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) is Character User Interface (CUI) based operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA in 1981.

Features of MS DOS are as follows:

i. It is single user operating system.

ii. It support both hard disk and floppy disk.

E. What is booting? Mention the types of booting.
Ans: The process of loading system files into the computer's memory from disk is called booting.
There are two types of booting a) Cold booting         b) Warm booting

N. What are wildcards? Write some wildcards examples

Ans: Wildcards are the special symbols that can be used to represent any other character(s) in command statement. eg. * indicates set of characters and ? indicates single character

8. Write long answer of the following questions

a. Explain the types of operating system based on the number of user they supports.
Ans: An operating system is the most important types of system software which is used to manage, controls and co-ordinate the overall operations of the computer system. On the based on the number of user they supports we can classified operating system into two types they are:
a) Single user operating system
Single user operating provide a single computer system, which facilitates the running of a variety of software packages as well as allowing users to develop and executes programs of their own. eg. Ms-Windows, DOS, Mac OS etc.
b) Multi User Operating System
The multi user operating system is a system software which allows concurrent access by multiple users of a computer. It also allows many different users to take advantage of the computer resources simultaneously. eg : Unix, Windows 2003 Server, Windows NT, Novell Netware etc.
b. Why are GUI Operating systems more popular than CUI operating system these days? Dicuss.
Ans: In CUI operating system, users are required to type all the commands to perform any task in the computer it means we have to type commands into a prompt and the computer executes them but in GUI based operating system, we can give commands to the computer by clicking on icons, menus and buttons using mouse so it is very easy to operate computer with GUI based operating system and because of its user friendly features GUI is more popular than CUI based operating system these days.

 

Advance Feature of Word processor

 

Advance Feature of Word processor
Write very Short answer of the following questions:
a) When did Microsoft released MS-Word 2016?
Ans: Microsoft released Ms-Word 2016 in September 2015.
b) Which short cut key is used to make the text as superscript?
Ans: Ctrl, Shift and + key is used to make the test as superscript.
c) What is the function of thesaurus?
Ans: Thesaurus can be used to find synonyms and antonyms for the selected words.
d) Write any two word processing software.
Ans: Two word processing software are: Word Star, Ms-Word.
e) Draw the icon of full hanging indent.

f) From which menu option you can change page setup in Ms-Word?
Ans: By selecting the margin option from Layout menu we can change page setup in Ms-Word.
g) What is the purpose of watermark?
Ans: Watermark is the text or design with picture that appears behind the text document normally it is used to protect the text document or give information about it like DO NOT COPY, DRAFT etc.
h) Can we design excel chart in Ms-word?
Ans: Yes we can design excel chart in Ms-word.
i) How many files do you need to apply mail merge?
Ans: There should be two different files (data source document & main document) to apply mail merge.

Write short answer of the following questions:
a) What is word processor?
Ans: Word processor is an application package that allows to create, edit, view, format and print text document with different formatting style in the computer.
b) What is Ms-Word? Write popular versions of Ms-Word.
Ans: Ms-Word is the most popular, user friendly and commonly used word processing software developed by Microsoft Corporation USA. There are different versions of Ms-Word like Ms-word 2003, Word 2007, word 2010,  Ms-Word 2013, Ms-Word 2016, Ms-Word 2019 etc among them Ms-word 2016 is the most popular version with new user interface called fluent interface.
c) What are the features of Ms-Word?
Ans: The main features of Ms-Word is given below:
i) Typing, editing and printing different types of documents.
ii) Formatting text, paragraphs, pages for making attractive document.
iii) Checking spelling and grammar of document for making it error free.
iv) Inserting and editing pictures, objects, word arts etc.
v) Adding watermark, charts, quick flip etc.
d) What is the use of equation in Ms-Word?
Ans: Equation in Ms-Word is used to insert and type complex mathematical and scientific equations at the required location of out document.
e) What is meant by formatting the document?
Ans: Formatting document is the technique which allows to make our document more attractive and professional by setting of margins, alignment, spacing between lines, font styles, font color, font size etc.
f) Write the purpose of inserting bullet and numbering?
Ans: The main purpose of inserting bullet and numbering is to denote list of names or items or heading in the text document.

Write long answer of the following questions:
a) What is word processor? Write the purpose and importance in word processing.
b) How is Ms-Word more suitable and easier in document design? Explain.
c) What is mail merge? Why is mail merge useful for sending various letters of same proposes?

 

Advance Feature of Spreadsheet

 

Advance Features of Spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel)

Write very short answer of the following questions.
a) Is Ms-Word spreadsheet software?
Ans: No, Ms-Word is not spreadsheet software.
b) Which company released Excel program?
Ans: Excel program was released by Microsoft Corporation USA.
c) Which symbol is used to make absolute cell reference?
Ans: $ symbol is used to make absolute cell reference eg: $b$2
d) Which symbol is used to begin formula in Ms-Excel?
Ans: Is equal to (=) symbol is used to begin formula in Ms-Excel.
e) How many types of data sorting are used in Excel?
Ans: There are two types of sorting data either in ascending order or in descending order.
f) Write the symbols used as reference operator.
Ans: Colon (:) symbol is used as reference operator.
g) Write the use of RANK function in excel.
Ans: RANK function is used to find rank from the given number list in excel.
h) How many Row and columns are there in Ms-Excel 2016?
Ans: Each worksheet of Ms-Excel 2016 contain 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns.
i) What is the extension of Excel worksheet?
Ans: Dot xls or Dot xlsx (.xls or .xlsx) is the extension of Excel worksheet.

Write short answer of the following questions
a) What is spreadsheet? Write two example.
Ans: Spreadsheet is a software package that accepts data in tabular form in row and columns. Example: Visi calc, Ms-Excel etc.
b) What is Ms-Excel? Write two versions of Ms-Excel.
Ans: Ms-Excel is one of the popular and widely used spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft Corporation USA. Ms-Excel 2007, Ms-Excel 2016 are the two version of Ms-Excel.
c) What is formula? Write the rules of using formula.
Ans: Formula is a sequence of values, cell references and operators that produces a new value from existing values.
Rules for using formula in Excel are given below:
i) The formula always must begin with an equal sign (=)
ii) After inserting formula, press Enter key to confirm it.
iii) The formula are not case sensitive.
iv) The cell address also can be used in the formula. Eg. (A2+B2)*F5
v) The references, constants, operators and functions can be used in formula.
d) What is the fill handle? What is its use?
Ans: Fill handle is a small black square that appears at the bottom right corner of the selected cell. It is used auto fill list items, to fill custom list etc.
e) What is meant by sorting data?
Ans: Sorting is the process of arranging worksheet data in alphanumeric order. There are two types of sorting data in the cell either in ascending order or in descending order.
f) What is chart? List the common chart types.
Ans: Charts are graphical presentation of numeric data in the worksheet. Charts are based on data contained in worksheets and it helps to observe and compare different data in the worksheet.
The most commonly used types of charts are Bar chart, Column chart and pie chart.

Write long answer of the following questions.
a) Why is Ms-Excel popular and user friendly spreadsheet software? discuss.
Ans:
b) Explain different types of cell references used in Ms-Excel with examples.
Ans:
c) Describe the common functions used in Ms-Excel.
Ans:

 

Advance Feature of Presentation

 

Advance Feature of Presentation

Write Very Short answer of the following questions:
a) Is Ms-Power Point, graphics software?
Ans: No, Ms-Power Point is not graphic software.
b) How many types of slide show are there in Power point?

c) Write any two presentation software.
Ans: Ms-PowerPoint and Powerdot are the two presentation software
d) When did Microsoft released Ms-Power Point Presentation?
Ans: Microsoft released Ms-PowerPoint Presentation in September, 2015.
e) What is the extension of Power Point Presentation?
Ans: dot ppt is the extension of PowerPoint presentation.
f) Which function key is used to view presentation?
Ans: F5 key is used to view presentation.

Write short answer of the following questions:
a) List any four features of Power Point?
Ans: Four features of PowerPoint are:
i) It allows to create, modify and print different types of presentation slides.
ii) It allows to insert smart arts and shapes.
iii) It allows to add multimedia with animations.
iv) It allows to set timing and slide transition.
b) What is meant by formatting the presentation?
Ans:Formatting  is the process of making necessary changes in the slide including changing font, font size, font color and appearance of text to make the presentation attractive.
c) Draw the window of PowerPoint 2016.

d) What is the difference between slide and presentation?
Ans:

Slide	Presentation
A slide in presentation is a single page with some information.	A presentation is a sequential collection of different slides.
A slide may contain text, picture, graphics, sound, animation and videos.	A presentation may contain many slide with relevant information. It is also called slide show.

e) What is the use of Animation Effect in PowerPoint?
Ans: Animation Effect in PowerPoint is a visual effect applied to individual items such as praphics, titles, bullets etc which make our presentation more effective and interesting.
Write long answer of the following questions:
a) What is PowerPoint? Explain Its features.
b) What is presentation? Why is presentation very important in education?

 

 ICT and Cyber Crime

 

ICT and Cyber Crime
5. Write very short answer of the following questions
a. Who used the ICT in a report to UK government in 1997?
Ans: Dennis Stevenson used the ICT in a report to UK government in 1997.
b. Is mobile a mean of ICT?
Ans: Yes mobile is a mean of ICT.
c. Give  example of ICT in health sector.
Ans: ICT is used in health sector to keep patients records, treatment analysis, getting information on
d. Write any two common hardware tools used in ICT.
Ans: Computer and mobile phone are two common hardware tools used in ICT.
e. Mention any two software used as ICT tools.
Ans: Ms-Power point, Adobe Photoshop are two software used as ICT tools.
f. Is online chatting a computer crime?
Ans: No, online chatting is not computer crime.

6. Write short answer of the following questions:
a. What is meant by ICT? Write common ICT tools.
Ans: ICT stands for Information Communication Technology. It is a set of technological tools and resources used to process raw data and communicate, disseminate, store and manage information. The common ICT tools are: radio, television, phones, computers and internet etc.
b. What is cyber crime? Write any four examples.
Ans: Cyber crime is a illegal activity associated with computer system, networks, Internet etc to seal and destroy data as well as harm the ICT related properties is cyber crime. Password Guessing, Hacking, Cracking, Software piracy are the four example of cyber crime.
c. What is the different between hacking and cracking?
Ans: Hacking is the process of gaining unauthorized access to individual computers or computer network.
          Cracking is the process of breaking into copyrighted software or an information system with the intend of releasing software so that it can be used without paying royalties.
d. List any four positive impact of ICT in the society.
Ans: Four positive impact of ICT in the society are:
i) To perform any task quickly and accurately.
ii) To maintain document secrecy.
iii) To process error free result.
iv) To transmit information globally.

Q.7. Write long answer of the following questions:
a. Explain the role of ICT in different fields.
Ans: The role of ICT in different fields are described below.
ICT in education
ICT in communication
ICT in offices and bank
ICT in health

b. Dicuss any five common types of cyber crimes arising in our society these days with their effect.

 Cyber Law and Computer Ethics

 

Cyber law and computer ethics

Write very short answer of the following questions
a) When was cyber law of Nepal revised?

Ans: The cyber law of Nepal was revised in 2063 B.S.
b) What are the two keys used in digital signature?

Ans: Two keys used in a digital signature are private key and public key.
c) Is there provision of monetary fine  against cyber crime in Nepal?

Ans: Yes there is a provision of monetary fine from 50 thousand to 3 lakh against cyber crime in Nepal. 

d) When was the concept of computer ethics introduce?

Ans: The concept of computer ethics introduced in 1950 AD
e) "We should not use internet" is it computer ethics?

Ans: No it is not computer ethis.
Q.6. Write short answer of the following questions
a) What is cyber law?

Ans: The cyber law deals with the legal issues related to information communication technologies particularly internet, computer network, websites, software, electronic devices, electronic transaction etc.
b) Define the term cyber space.

Ans: The term cyberspace is virtual space created by computer networks, the internet, and various transmission mediums used to make communication.
c) Why is cyber law necessary for Nepal?

Ans: Nepal is one of the developing countries and the use of ICT is increasing in different sectors, different illegal activities are also done using ICT so to control and abuse cyber crimes cyber law is necessary for Nepal. 
d) Mention any four provisions made in the cyber law of Nepal?

Ans: Four provisions made in the cyber law of Nepal are :

i) Provision of monetary fine from Rs Fifty Thousand to Rs. Three lakhs.

ii) Provision of imprisonment from six months to three years.

iii) Provisions of digital signature, electronic data processing etc.

iv) Provision of legal hearing of cyber-related problems through IT Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal.
e) Write any four commandments of computer ethics.
Q.7. Write long answer of the following questions.
a) Explain the common areas covered by cyber law.

Ans: The common areas covered by cyber law are :

i) Digital signature

ii) Copyright Law

iii) Trademark Law

iv) Telecommunication Law

v) Data protection and privacy Law

vi) Electronic Transaction act (Law)
b) What is computer ethics? Why computer ethics is necessary to control cybercrimes in our society?

Ans: 

 

 

 Computer Virus, Remedy and Protection

 

Computer Virus, Remedy and Protection
6. Write very short answer of the following questions:
a) What type of programs are computer viruses? Useful or harmful?

Ans: Computer viruses are harmful programs.
b) Which type of virus is comparatively not harmful?

Ans: Message carrying virus is comparatively not harmful.
c) Which virus is also known as hybrid virus?

Ans: Multi Paritite Virus is also known as hybrid virus.
d) Do you think antivirus should be installed in your computer?

Ans: Yes, Antivirus should be installed in our computer.
e) Is C-Brain anti virus software?

Ans: No, C-Brain is not anti-virus software.
Q.7. Write short answer of the following questions:
a) What is computer virus? Write any two examples.

Ans: A computer virus is a software program capable of reproducing itself and capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the computer system. Some example of computer viruses are: Time Bomb, I Love You, Aids, C-Brain, Logic Bomb etc.

b) Write down any four symptoms of computer virus.

Ans: Some common symptoms of computer virus are:

i) viruses reduce the memory space of computer.

ii) Viruses change the size of computer files.

iii) Viruses change the extension of files.

iv) Viruses show unusual error messages on the computer screen.

v) Viruses may hang or shut down the computer automatically while working. 
c) What is antivirus software? Give two examples of antivirus software?

Ans: Antivirus software is a computer program that is used to scan, detect and remove viruses from the computer system. Some examples of antivirus software are Norton antivirus, Anti virus Guard, Kaspersky anti-virus Eset Nod32 Antivirus.
d) How does virus damage our computer?

Ans: Computer viruses cause great harm in the computer system in different ways. It change the extension of files, it change the size of computer files, it hang or shut down the computer automatically etc.
e) Mention the sources of spreading computer virus.

Ans: The most common means of spreading computer viruses are: Internet, Email, Pirated software, USB pendrive, CD/DVD, External Harddrive etc.
Q.8. Write long answer of the following questions:
a) Explain the common types of computer viruses. (explain in your own words with the help of text book)

Ans: The common types of computer viruses are:

i) Message carrying virus

ii) Boot sector virus

iii) System infector virus

iv) File infector virus

v) Multi partite virus

vi) Polymorphic virus 

b) "Prevention is better than cure". Justify this statement and mention the preventive measures of your computer from viruses. (Explain yourself with the help of your textbook)

 

 Web page designing with HTML

 

Web page designing with HTML
5. Write a very short answer to the following question.
a. When did Tim Berners Lee created the first web page?
Ans: The first web page was created on August 6, 1991.
b. Is HTML programming language?

Ans: HTML is not a programming language it is a markup language.
c) PHP is a Web development software. Do you agree?

Ans: Yes, PHP is a Web development software.
d) IN which languages the dynamic web pages are written?

Ans: The dynamic web pages are written in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP.
e) Which text editor you use while writing HTML codes?

Ans: We use Notepad while writing HTML code.
f) Can you use space at the beginning or middle of the tags?

Ans: Yes, you can use space at the beginning or middle of the tags.
g) What is the background color of the web page by default?

Ans: The background color of the web page by default is white.
h) Which tag is used to scroll the text across the web page?

Ans: The <marquee> tag is used to scroll the text across the web page.
Q.6. Write a short answer to the following questions:
a) List any two software used to create a web page.

Ans: Adobe Dreamweaver and Microsoft FrontPage are two software programs that can be used to create a web page.
b) Differentiate between static and dynamic web pages?

Ans: Static web pages are those that are written in HTML and do not change. Dynamic web pages are those that are written in a programming language and can change based on user input or other factors.